> pdf("C:\\Rmisc\\coldfish.pdf")
> 
> coldfish <- read.fwf("C:\\data\\coldfish.dat", width=c(8,8),
+   col.names=c("species","injury"))
> 
> attach(coldfish)
> 
> species <- factor(species,levels=1:3,
+  labels=c("tropical","subtropical","temperate"))
> 
> injury <- factor(injury,levels=1:3,
+  labels=c("seldom","often","always"))
> 
> sp.in.table <- table(species,injury)
> sp.in.table   # prints out contingency table 
             injury
species       seldom often always
  tropical         0     3     14
  subtropical      1     5      5
  temperate        4     2      0
> 
> prop.table(sp.in.table,1)      # Proportions of injuries by species
             injury
species          seldom     often    always
  tropical    0.0000000 0.1764706 0.8235294
  subtropical 0.0909091 0.4545455 0.4545455
  temperate   0.6666667 0.3333333 0.0000000
> prop.table(sp.in.table,2)      # Proportions of species by injury
             injury
species          seldom     often    always
  tropical    0.0000000 0.3000000 0.7368421
  subtropical 0.2000000 0.5000000 0.2631579
  temperate   0.8000000 0.2000000 0.0000000
> sp.in.table/sum(sp.in.table)   # Overall Proportions across table 
             injury
species           seldom      often     always
  tropical    0.00000000 0.08823529 0.41176471
  subtropical 0.02941176 0.14705882 0.14705882
  temperate   0.11764706 0.05882353 0.00000000
> 
> par(mfrow=c(2,2))
> barplot(sp.in.table)
> barplot(t(sp.in.table))
> barplot(sp.in.table,beside=T)
> barplot(t(sp.in.table),beside=T)
> 
> 
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
>